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Biography of William Shakespeare, Famous Playwright

William Shakespeare (April 23, 1564–April 23, 1616) wrote at least 37 plays and 154 sonnets, which are considered among the most important and enduring ever written. Although the plays have captured the imagination of theatergoers for centuries, some historians claim that Shakespeare didn’t actually write them. Amazingly, little is known about Shakespeare’s life. Even though he is the world’s most famous and popular playwright, historians have had to fill in the gaps between the handful of surviving records from Elizabethan times. Fast Facts: William Shakespeare Known For: One of historys most famous playwrights, who wrote at least 37 plays, which are still studied and performed to this day, as well as 154 sonnets, which are also highly regardedAlso Known As: The BardBorn: April 23, 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon,  EnglandParents: John Shakespeare, Mary ArdenDied: April 23, 1616 in Stratford-upon-AvonPublished Works: Romeo and Juliet (1594–1595), A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1595–1596), Much Ado About Nothing (1598–1599), Henry V (1598–1599), Hamlet 1600–1601, King Lear (1605–1606), Macbeth ( 1605–1606), The Tempest (1611–1612)Awards and Honors: After Shakespeares death, a funerary monument was erected to honor him at Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon, where he is buried. It depicts a half-effigy of The Bard in the act of writing. Numerous statues and monuments have been erected around the world to honor the playwright.Spouse: Anne Hathaway (m.  Nov. 28, 1582–April 23, 1616)Children: Susanna, Judith and Hamnet (twins)Notable Quote: All the worlds a stage, and all the men and women merely players: they have their exits and their entrances; and one man in his time plays many parts, his acts being seven ages. Early Years Shakespeare was probably born on April 23, 1564, but this date is an educated guess because we only have a record of his baptism three days later. His parents, John Shakespeare and Mary Arden, were successful townsfolk who moved to a large house in Henley Street, Stratford-upon-Avon, from the surrounding villages. His father became a wealthy town official and his mother was from an important, respected family. It is widely assumed that Shakespeare attended the local grammar school where he would have studied Latin, Greek, and classical literature. His early education must have made a huge impact on him because many of his plots draw on the classics. Shakespeare’s Family At age 18, on November 28, 1582, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway from Shottery, who was already pregnant with their first daughter. The wedding would have been arranged quickly to avoid the shame of having a child born out of wedlock. Shakespeare fathered three children, Susanna, born in May 1583 but conceived out of wedlock, and Judith and Hamnet, twins who were born in February 1585. Hamnet died in 1596 at age 11. Shakespeare was devastated by the death of his only son, and it is argued that Hamlet, written four years later, is evidence of this. Theater Career At some point in the late 1580s, Shakespeare made the four-day ride to London, and by 1592 had established himself as a writer. In 1594, an event occurred that changed the course of literary history: Shakespeare joined Richard Burbage’s acting company and became its chief playwright for the next two decades. Here, Shakespeare was able to hone his craft, writing for a regular group of performers. Shakespeare also worked as an actor in the theater company, although the lead roles were always reserved for Burbage himself. The company became very successful and often performed in front of the Queen of England, Elizabeth I. In 1603, James I ascended the throne and granted his royal patronage to Shakespeare’s company, which became known as The King’s Men. Shakespeare the Gentleman Like his father, Shakespeare had excellent business sense. He bought the largest house in Stratford-upon-Avon by 1597, owned shares in the Globe Theater,  and profited from some real estate deals near Stratford-upon-Avon in 1605. Before long, Shakespeare officially became a gentleman, partly due to his own wealth and partly due to inheriting a coat of arms from his father who died in 1601. Later Years and Death Shakespeare retired to Stratford in 1611 and lived comfortably off his wealth for the rest of his life. In his will, he bequeathed most of his properties to Susanna, his eldest daughter, and some actors from The King’s Men. Famously, he left his wife his â€Å"second-best bed† before he died on April 23, 1616. (This date is an educated guess because we only have a record of his burial two days later). If you visit Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon, you can still view his grave and read his epitaph engraved into the stone: Good friend, for Jesus sake forbearTo dig the dust enclosed here.Blessed be the man that spares these stones,And cursed be he that moves my bones. Legacy More than 400 years after his death, Shakespeares plays and sonnets still hold a special place in theaters, libraries, and schools around the world. His plays and sonnets have been performed in nearly every major language on every continent, notes Greg Timmons writing on Biography.com. In addition to the legacy of his plays and sonnets, many of the words and phrases Shakespeare created infuse dictionaries today and are embedded in modern English, including these sayings from some of his plays: All that glitters isnt gold (The Merchant of Venice)Alls well that ends well (Alls Well that Ends Well)To be-all and the end-all (Macbeth)Break the ice (The Taming of the Shrew)We have seen better days (As You Like It)Brave new world (The Tempest)Brevity is the soul of wit (Hamlet)Cruel to be kind (Hamlet)Its Greek to me (Julius Caesar)Something wicked this way comes (Macbeth)Star-crossed lovers (Romeo and Juliet)Wild-goose chase (Romeo and Juliet)The world is my oyster (The Merry Wives of Windsor) Few writers, poets, and playwrights—and Shakespeare was all three—have had the influence on culture and learning that Shakespeare has. With luck, his plays and sonnets may still be revered and studied four centuries from now. Sources â€Å"IWonder - William Shakespeare: The Life and Legacy of Englands Bard.†Ã‚  BBC.â€Å"Shakespeares Words Phrases.†Ã‚  Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.Timmons, Greg. â€Å"William Shakespeares 400th Anniversary: The Life Legacy of The Bard.†Ã‚  Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 2 Nov. 2018.â€Å"Who Was William Shakespeare? Everything You Need to Know.†Ã‚  Childhood, Life Achievements Timeline, thefamouspeople.com.â€Å"William Shakespeare Quotes.†Ã‚  BrainyQuote, Xplore.

Aldo Leopold’S Essay “The Land Ethic” Was Published In

Aldo Leopold’s essay â€Å"The Land Ethic† was published in A Sand County Almanac. The short paper confronts the imperfections in the most common approaches in preserving the environment. Leopold’s answer is to develop a new branch of environmental ethics to model humanity’s ever-changing relationship with the environment. Leopold observantly describes the history of ethics, the meaning of community with the land and why it’s appropriate to do so. Toward the end of the essay – as the reader is ready for Leopold to thoroughly explain his moral code – he ambiguously finishes, â€Å"A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise† (Leopold, 224–225). The reader†¦show more content†¦Again, the reader turns to Leopold to provide a concrete ethical viewpoint. But this is nearly impossible because Leopold doesn’t have the answers to fix the biotic clock. Any viewpoint he relays might result in complete failure. Leopold is calling for a philosophical shift rather than a change in our actions. In the beginning of the essay, Leopold references The Ten Commandments and The Golden Rule. The pair of ethical viewpoints guides our everyday relationships in society. The Ten Commandments is a documentation of ten moral rules that are set in stone (pun intended.) The Golden Rule is a single principle of mutuality: treat others how you want to be treated. While one approach is only to be obeyed, the other depends on deep self-reflection. To truly know how to treat someone, we must think about consequences and respect one another. The land ethic is not a list of rules, which should be taken for what it is, but an attitude that can change on a daily basis. Leopold seeks to reconstruct humanity’s ethical knowledge to its core. He observes the way humans interact compassionately, and is determined to explain why it is important to extend this compassion to the environment. â€Å"It is inconceivabl e to me that an ethical relation to the land can exist without love, respect, and admiration for land and a high regard for its value† (LeopoldShow MoreRelatedYeah717 Words   |  3 Pagesto live longer and produce more children. During the mid-1700s, the industrial revolution greatly increased population. It was a shift from an agricultural society to an urban society powered by fossil fuels. What is the tragedy o the commons? Explain how the concept might apply to an unregulated industry that is a source of water pollution? The tragedy of the commons was written by Garret Hardin. Hardin argued that unregulated exploitation would cause environmental depletion. What is environmentalRead MoreThe Greatest Epa Cleanup Program889 Words   |  4 PagesI read a few of the essays published by Aldo Leopold from 1998 to 2001 in a book of collective essays called For the Health of the Land. The collection is a plea from Leopold for the development of land ethic. He believes that humans have the responsibility to interact with the land in ways that promote its good being. Even though the essays were published over 50 years ago, progress in Leopold’s concept of land health has just begun. The EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) are helping by conductingRead More History of the Origins of Environmental Ethics Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of the Origins of Environmental Ethics The inspiration for environmental ethics was the first Earth Day in 1970 when environmentalists started urging philosophers who were involved with environmental groups to do something about environmental ethics. An intellectual climate had developed in the last few years of the 1960s in large part because of the publication of two papers in Science: Lynn Whites The Historical Roots of our Ecologic Crisis (March 1967) and Garett Hardins The Tragedy

Occupational Hazard of Asbestosis Occurring in the Cement Industry

Question: Discuss about the Occupational Hazard of Asbestosis Occurring in the Cement Industry. Answer: Introduction: The importance of workplace health and safety in an organization cannot be overstated. It should be noted that it is the health and well-being of the employees that determine the productivity and efficiency of the employees at workplace. However, though the occupational hazard is a major problem in any organization or industry as a matter of fact, the cement industry is an industry where the employee needs additional protection from any form of hazard. Due to continual exposure to chemicals, the employees suffer from a variety of problems including eye, skin irritation as well as chemical burns and accidents. However, the major issue that the report intends to explore is that the employees of the cement industries get mostly exposed to a variety of harmful chemicals that can prove to be fatal to them. The occupational health hazards can affect the well-being of the employees if the organization does not follow specific safety procedures. The safety procedures do not merely imply that each employees health needs to be ensured. It rather refers to the importance of assessing the potential workplace risks of the cement industry, and communicating its danger to the respective organization operating in this industry (Schilling, 2013). Discussion: Occupational Hazard of Asbestosis Occurring in the Cement Industry: A variety of chemicals such as asbestos, silica as well as lead to prominent health hazards among the employees of the cement industry. Among all the chemicals used in a cement industry, asbestos is one of the most harmful chemicals that are being used. It primarily enters into the body through inhalation, and this construction dust can lead to the major respiratory distress also called asbestosis. This disease has been found to cause even death among the employees, apart from hampering the normal functionality of the employees. Hence, it has become imperative to safeguard the employees from the problems of asbestosis. The reason why the employees are exposed to this disease is that the employees working in the cement industry are required to work with raw asbestos fibers. Usually, the employees are not being provided with sufficient respiratory equipment that can provide effective protection to the workers from the airborne asbestos (Dolzan et al., 2017). The asbestos is an important material used in the cement industry as it helps in strengthening the cements, and yet the harmful chemical proves to be highly detrimental to the health of the employees. Since the cement industries heavily rely on the use of asbestos, the tiny asbestos fibers are often released into the air, which when inhaled causes scarring inflammation in the lungs of the workers. Recent Problems emerging due to Asbestosis among the Workers of the Cement Industry: Asbestos exposure both in the long term as well as short term occupational setting has been associated with the risk of developing serious respiratory troubles and other ailments including lung cancer, mesothelioma, asbestosis and other disorders. Over the last years, research studies have claimed that apart from the obvious possibility of developing oral cancer, the health issue is also linked to Pharyngeal cancer as well. A recent research study has shown that approximately 84% of the cement industry workers have got affected as a result of their exposure to the asbestos (Meo et al., 2014). While some employees, especially the new ones, had minor health problems, such as slight irritation in the lungs, the older employees have reported to have been suffering from grave diseases including Sarcomatoid and adenosquamous type of lung cancers in addition to epitheliod, sarcomatoid and peritoneal mesotheliomas as well as ovarian and laryngeal cancers incidences (Nielsen et al., 2014). Common Health Hazards due to Exposure to Asbestos: It has become imperative to comprehend as well as manage the chemical hazards encountered by the employees at the workplaces. Whenever Asbestos is being used in factories the exposure to it through inhalation or skin contact, can cause a variety of diseases. Oral cancer, ovarian cancer, autoimmune disorder as well as pulmonary complications such as fibrosis have been found to occur because of the asbestos exposure. This is the reason why many organizations operating in the cement industry have introduced a system of reviewing and determining the limit of asbestos exposure (Chartier, 2014). It would be important to note that continual exposure to asbestos has led to the disease of Mesothelioma that is a fatal form of Cancer. In case an employee is exposed to the chemical for 20 years, the disease will rapidly spread though his body. In face over the past years, the number of people suffering from Mesothelioma has also rapidly increased as shown below: Figure 1: Increase in the Rate of Mesothelioma due to Continual Exposure to Asbestos Source: (Soeberg et al., 2016) Legal Framework of the Work Health and Safety legislation, 2011 to Prevent Employee Exposure to Asbestos: The Work Health and Safety Legislation, 2011 has clearly mentioned that any organization operating in the cement industry will need to conduct a periodical risk assessment to ensure that the employees are not getting exposed to asbestos exceeding the prescribed limit. The employees whose work involves the use or exposure to asbestosis have their work categorized as high risk jobs, as per Schedule 3 , and these employees are being advised to work under supervision of a senior employee (Jaiswal, 2014). Further, it has been clearly stated that these organizations must maintain a specific asbestos register, clearly categorizing the employees exposed to asbestos, the range of exposure and the preventive measures for the same. Besides, under clause 422, it is being clearly mentioned that if asbestos is being identified in an organization that organization will need to have an asbestos management plan. An improvement in the health condition of the employees has indeed proved to be highly beneficial for the employees. According to a research survey, the cement industries which have introduced the workplace health policies effectively at workplace have benefitted with a fall in employee absenteeism by 30% and a reduction in the health care cost by 21.8% (Hammer et al., 2015). Elimination or Minimization of the Health Hazard and its Effectiveness: Many organizations conduct the health risk appraisal surveys at workplace, whereby the employees are being asked to rate the extent to which they believe that their workplace environment is safe for their health. In addition to this, the hazards and the number of accidents happening within the organization due to the exposure to asbestos needs to be recorded and reviewed through these surveys(Cooper Marshall, 2013). Some organizations have also introduced the incentivizing method whereby they provide incentives to the employees who have exhibited maximum awareness regarding the health hazards and have acted well to protect the other employees from the workplace risks an hazards. Occupational Health and Safety vulnerability has emerged to be an important concept. It has been noted that the employees, especially the young, new and immigrant ones have a higher vulnerability of getting affected by the asbestosis than the older employees. Hence, many organizations have adopted the system of categorizing the employees according to their job roles at workplace, and their OH S vulnerability rate. This helps the management authority understand which employees are most vulnerable to risks and health hazards; so that they can be trained and educated about the risks of health hazards caused by asbestosis (Adgate et al., 2014). The OHS vulnerability framework intends to ensure a safe working environment for the employees, by not only offering training to them, but also by making them aware of their own rights for health and safety as well. For example, if an employee feels that a work entitled to him involves sufficient risk or hazard due to greater exposure to asbestos is that exceeds the prescribed limit, he is entitled to the right of refusing to do such a work (Schulte et al., 2014). Many cement manufacturing organizations have adopted the certification system whereby an independent organization such as DNV or Lloyds supervise and monitor the workplace environment of an organization before certifying it as safe (Taris and Kompier, 2014). It has become highly important to develop the asbestos job exposure matrix (JEM) to ensure that the rate and frequency of asbestos exposure of the employees should be recorded by the employees. The chemicals including asbestosis, that are being used in the company having detrimental impact on the employee health are labeled through the use of cautionary words such as corrosive or hazardous . Besides, it is highly important that a Material Safety Data Sheet is being handed out to each employee so that each one of them is well-aware of the hazards to the exposure to each chemical. Conclusion: To conclude, it must be noted that It is the duty of the employers of a company to look after the well-being of the employees. Hence, the organization should not only implement strict health policies benefitting the employees, but it should also offer opportunities of occupational therapy and rehabilitation. Since it is the obligation of the employer to maintain a safe workplace, he must supervise the limit and range of exposure of the employees to asbestos and in case of more than one employer, the duty should be distributed among all and are therefore responsible for maintenance of their respective parts. References: Adgate, J. L., Goldstein, B. D., McKenzie, L. M. (2014). 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S., Blum, J., Rasmussen, J., Dahl, S., Olsen, K. E., Albin, M., ... Sherson, D. (2014). Occupational asbestos exposure and lung cancera systematic review of the literature.Archives of environmental occupational health,69(4), 191-206. Schilling, R. S. F. (Ed.). (2013).Occupational health practice. Butterworth-Heinemann. Schulte, P. A., Geraci, C. L., Murashov, V., Kuempel, E. D., Zumwalde, R. D., Castranova, V., ... Martinez, K. F. (2014). Occupational safety and health criteria for responsible development of nanotechnology.Journal of Nanoparticle Research,16(1), 2153. Soeberg, M. J., Leigh, J., Driscoll, T., Armstrong, B., Young, J. M., van Zandwijk, N. (2016). Incidence and survival trends for malignant pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, Australia, 19822009.Occupational and environmental medicine,73(3), 187-194. Taris, T. W., Kompier, M. A. (2014). Cause and effect: Optimizing the designs of longitudinal studies in occupational health psychology.